cas-003 exam questions

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QUESTION 1
A company wants to extend its help desk availability beyond business hours. The Chief Information Officer (CIO)
decides to augment the help desk with a third-party service that will answer calls and provide Tier 1 problem resolution,
such as password resets and remote assistance. The security administrator implements the following firewall change:
The administrator provides the appropriate path and credentials to the third-party company. Which of the following
technologies is MOST likely being used to provide access to the third company?

A. LDAP
B. WAYF
C. OpenID
D. RADIUS
E. SAML
Correct Answer: D

QUESTION 2
A systems administrator establishes a CIFS share on a UNIX device to share data to Windows systems. The security
authentication on the Windows domain is set to the highest level. Windows users are stating that they cannot
authenticate to the UNIX share. Which of the following settings on the UNIX server would correct this problem?
A. Refuse LM and only accept NTLMv2
B. Accept only LM
C. Refuse NTLMv2 and accept LM
D. Accept only NTLM
Correct Answer: A
In a Windows network, NT LAN Manager (NTLM) is a suite of Microsoft security protocols that provides authentication,
integrity, and confidentiality to users. NTLM is the successor to the authentication protocol in Microsoft LAN Manager
(LANMAN or LM), an older Microsoft product, and attempts to provide backward compatibility with LANMAN. NTLM
version 2 (NTLMv2), which was introduced in Windows NT
4.0 SP4 (and natively supported in Windows 2000), enhances NTLM security by hardening the protocol against many
spoofing attacks and adding the ability for a server to authenticate to the client.
This question states that the security authentication on the Windows domain is set to the highest level. This will be
NTLMv2. Therefore, the answer to the question is to allow NTLMv2 which will enable the Windows users to connect to
the UNIX server. To improve security, we should disable the old and insecure LM protocol as it is not used by the
Windows computers.

QUESTION 3
An administrator wants to enable policy-based flexible mandatory access controls on an open-source OS to prevent
abnormal application modifications or executions. Which of the following would BEST accomplish this?
A. Access control lists
B. SELinux
C. IPtables firewall
D. HIPS
Correct Answer: B
The most common open-source operating system is LINUX.
Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) was created by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and is a Linux
kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including United
States Department of Defense style mandatory access controls (MAC).
NSA Security-enhanced Linux is a set of patches to the Linux kernel and some utilities to incorporate a strong, flexible
mandatory access control (MAC) architecture into the major subsystems of the kernel. It provides an enhanced
mechanism to enforce the separation of information based on confidentiality and integrity requirements, which allows
threats of tampering and bypassing of application security mechanisms to be addressed and enables the confinement of
damage that can be caused by malicious or flawed applications.

QUESTION 4
A database administrator is required to adhere to and implement privacy principles when executing daily tasks. A
manager directs the administrator to reduce the number of unique instances of PII stored within an organization\\’s
systems to the greatest extent possible. Which of the following principles is being demonstrated?
A. Administrator accountability
B. PII security
C. Record transparency
D. Data minimization
Correct Answer: D

QUESTION 5
A developer is determining the best way to improve security within the code being developed. The developer is focusing
on input fields where customers enter their credit card details. Which of the following techniques, if implemented in the
code, would be the MOST effective in protecting the fields from malformed input?
A. Client-side input validation
B. Stored procedure
C. Encrypting credit card details
D. Regular expression matching
Correct Answer: D
Regular expression matching is a technique for reading and validating input, particularly in web software. This question
is asking about securing input fields where customers enter their credit card details. In this case, the expected input into
the credit card number field would be a sequence of numbers of a certain length. We can use regular expression
matching to verify that the input is indeed a sequence of numbers. Anything that is not a sequence of numbers could be
malicious code.

QUESTION 6
An internal application has been developed to increase the efficiency of an operational process of a global
manufacturer. New code was implemented to fix a security bug, but it has caused operations to halt. The executive
team has decided fixing the security bug is less important than continuing operations.
Which of the following would BEST support immediate rollback of the failed fix? (Choose two.)
A. Version control
B. Agile development
C. Waterfall development
D. Change management
E. Continuous integration
Correct Answer: AD

QUESTION 7
An insurance company has two million customers and is researching the top transactions on its customer portal. It
identifies that the top transaction is currently password reset. Due to users not remembering their secret questions, a
large number of calls are consequently routed to the contact center for manual password resets. The business wants to
develop a mobile application to improve customer engagement in the future, continue with a single factor of
authentication, minimize management overhead of the solution, remove passwords, and eliminate the contact center.
Which of the following techniques would BEST meet the requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Magic link sent to an email address
B. Customer ID sent via push notification
C. SMS with OTP sent to a mobile number
D. Third-party social login
E. Certificate sent to be installed on a device
F. Hardware tokens sent to customers
Correct Answer: CE

QUESTION 8
A security analyst is inspecting the pseudocode of the following multithreaded application:
1. perform daily ETL of data
1.1 validate that yesterday\\’s data model file exists
1.2 validate that today\\’s data model file does not exist
1.2 extract yesterday\\’s data model
1.3 transform the format
1.4 load the transformed data into today\\’s data model file
1.5 exit
Which of the following security concerns is evident in the above pseudocode?
A. Time of check/time of use
B. Resource exhaustion
C. Improper storage of sensitive data
D. Privilege escalation
Correct Answer: A

QUESTION 9
A senior network security engineer has been tasked to decrease the attack surface of the corporate network. Which of
the following actions would protect the external network interfaces from external attackers performing network
scanning?
A. Remove contact details from the domain name registrar to prevent social engineering attacks.
B. Test external interfaces to see how they function when they process fragmented IP packets.
C. Enable a honeynet to capture and facilitate future analysis of malicious attack vectors.
D. Filter all internal ICMP message traffic, forcing attackers to use full-blown TCP port scans against external network
interfaces.
Correct Answer: B
Fragmented IP packets are often used to evade firewalls or intrusion detection systems.
Port Scanning is one of the most popular reconnaissance techniques attackers use to discover services they can break
into. All machines connected to a Local Area Network (LAN) or Internet run many services that listen at well-known and
not-so-well-known ports. A port scan helps the attacker find which ports are available (i.e., what service might be listing
to a port).
One problem, from the perspective of the attacker attempting to scan a port, is that services listening on these ports log
scans. They see an incoming connection, but no data, so an error is logged. There exist a number of stealth scan
techniques to avoid this. One method is a fragmented port scan.
Fragmented packet Port Scan
The scanner splits the TCP header into several IP fragments. This bypasses some packet filter firewalls because they
cannot see a complete TCP header that can match their filter rules. Some packet filters and firewalls do queue all IP
fragments, but many networks cannot afford the performance loss caused by the queuing.

QUESTION 10
A pentester must attempt to crack passwords on a windows domain that enforces strong complex passwords. Which of
the following would crack the MOST passwords in the shortest time period?
A. Online password testing
B. Rainbow tables attack
C. Dictionary attack D. Brute force attack
Correct Answer: B
The passwords in a Windows (Active Directory) domain are encrypted.
When a password is “tried” against a system it is “hashed” using encryption so that the actual password is never sent in
clear text across the communications line. This prevents eavesdroppers from intercepting the password. The hash of a
password usually looks like a bunch of garbage and is typically a different length than the original password. Your
password might be “shitzu” but the hash of your password would look something like
“7378347eedbfdd761619451949225ec1”.
To verify a user, a system takes the hash value created by the password hashing function on the client computer and
compares it to the hash value stored in a table on the server. If the hashes match, then the user is authenticated and
granted access.
Password cracking programs work in a similar way to the login process. The cracking program starts by taking plaintext
passwords, running them through a hash algorithm, such as MD5, and then compares the hash output with the hashes
in the stolen password file. If it finds a match then the program has cracked the password.
Rainbow Tables are basically huge sets of precomputed tables filled with hash values that are pre-matched to possible
plaintext passwords. The Rainbow Tables essentially allow hackers to reverse the hashing function to determine what
the plaintext password might be.
The use of Rainbow Tables allow for passwords to be cracked in a very short amount of time compared with brute-force
methods, however, the trade-off is that it takes a lot of storage (sometimes Terabytes) to hold the Rainbow Tables
themselves.

QUESTION 11
The Chief Information Officer (CISO) is concerned that certain systems administrators will privileged access may be
reading other users\\’ emails. A review of a tool\\’s output shows the administrators have used webmail to log into other
users\\’ inboxes.
Which of the following tools would show this type of output?
A. Log analysis tool
B. Password cracker
C. Command-line tool
D. File integrity monitoring tool
Correct Answer: A

QUESTION 12
A software development manager is running a project using agile development methods. The company cybersecurity
engineer has noticed a high number of vulnerabilities have been making it into production code on the project.
Which of the following methods could be used in addition to an integrated development environment to reduce the
severity of the issue?
A. Conduct a penetration test on each function as it is developed
B. Develop a set of basic checks for common coding errors
C. Adopt a waterfall method of software development
D. Implement unit tests that incorporate static code analyzers
Correct Answer: D

QUESTION 13
select id, firstname, lastname from authors
User input= firstname= Hack;man
lastname=Johnson
Which of the following types of attacks is the user attempting?
A. XML injection
B. Command injection
C. Cross-site scripting
D. SQL injection
Correct Answer: D
The code in the question is SQL code. The attack is a SQL injection attack. SQL injection is a code injection technique,
used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution
(e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker). SQL injection must exploit a security vulnerability in an
application\\’s software, for example, when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters
embedded in SQL statements or user input is not strongly typed and unexpectedly executed. SQL injection is mostly
known as an attack vector for websites but can be used to attack any type of SQL database.

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